In similar direction, the historical olive cultivar 'Mehras' represented by 1000-year old trees has been mitigating ages after ages of climate change and harsh environmental conditions. A collaborative national project was launched to decipher the genetic code of 'Mehras' applying cutting-edge next-generation sequencing technology. Millions of unique mutations were recorded and many were evident in the genetic coding regions, giving 'Mehras' the ability to survive ages of extreme environmental stresses while maintaining a distinctive olive oil quality. Both plastome and mitogenome showed that 'Mehras' is one of the oldest genetic olive genotypes in the Mediterranean region. This makes 'Mehras' an international indispensible genetic resource as a major genetic resource for breeding and improving olive cultivars that would have elevated tolerance capabilities compatible with climate change. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Mehras was genetically the closest to be a source of origin for the most important cultivated olives in the Mediterranean basin; namely 'Manzanilla' from Spain and 'Frantoio' from Italy. Therefore, 'Mehras' is a genuine ancestor variety, which has survived through the ages.