​There has been considerable recent growth in supply chain (SC) traceability research due to increasedIndustry 4.0 solutions and the potential of traceability systems to enable SCs to bounce back from acrisis, thereby having a long-term impact on firm/SC performance. However, to date, the relationshipbetween SC traceability and SC Resilience (SCRes) has not been fully explored. Using a systematic lit-erature review, this paper first provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art understanding of traceabilityto enable an appreciation of the inherent benefits of its implementation and its role in the improve-ment of SCRes. Building on this understanding, a conceptual framework is developed showing thatthere is a direct relationship between traceability benefits, such as improved risk awareness, andSCRes. The framework also demonstrates indirect relationships between these benefits and fourenablers of SCRes: flexibility, velocity, visibility and collaboration. Finally, a future research agenda isproposed, including further development of this conceptual framework.​