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This conference was arranged to reveal and show the importance of drug resistance in animal medicine and ts effects on human health, where these drugs passed unnoticed to human tables. The conference has pointed to the importance of drug residues in human food, from this point there were more thoghts about exploring drug residues in poultry meat. some of the issues discussed in this conference included

1. Antibiotic Resistance

• Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance: Exploration of how bacteria evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics. This includes genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, and the role of mobile genetic elements like plasmids.
• Antibiotic Use in Humans and Animals: Examining the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine, and its contribution to resistance. This includes veterinary use in livestock, aquaculture, and companion animals.
• Global Trends in Antibiotic Resistance: Reviewing global surveillance data and trends on antibiotic resistance, and its implications for public health.
• Alternatives to Antibiotics: Investigating new treatment options like bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, and probiotics as alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics.
• Antibiotic Stewardship: Strategies for improving the use of antibiotics in clinical settings to minimize resistance development, such as implementing strict prescribing guidelines and reducing unnecessary use.
• Environmental Resistance: The role of environmental factors (e.g., waste from pharmaceutical industries, hospital effluent, and agricultural runoff) in promoting the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

2. Zoonotic Diseases

• One Health Approach: A key theme in addressing zoonotic diseases, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. This approach is essential in controlling diseases that spread between animals and humans.
• Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses: Discussion on diseases like COVID-19, avian influenza, rabies, brucellosis, tuberculosis, Ebola, and Monkeypox, and the role of wildlife, domestic animals, and livestock in their transmission.
• Mechanisms of Zoonotic Transmission: Exploring how zoonotic diseases are transmitted across species, and the factors that increase the risk of human-animal-environment interactions.
• Surveillance and Early Detection: Reviewing systems in place for monitoring zoonotic diseases, especially those that may lead to pandemics, and the role of technology (e.g., genomic sequencing, AI, and big data) in early detection.
• Zoonotic Disease Control and Prevention: Best practices for controlling zoonoses, including vaccination strategies for both humans and animals, biosecurity measures, and public health interventions.
• Environmental and Societal Factors: Examining how urbanization, deforestation, climate change, and global travel contribute to the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases.
  

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