Rund Abu-Zurayk

Abstract

Biofouling poses a significant challenge in membrane-based water treatment, leading to reduced permeability, increased energy consumption, and more frequent maintenance requirements. This study introduces a sustainable method for creating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes infused with specific nanofillers—namely, nanoclay, metal nanoparticles, and hybrid metallic-nanoclay composites—at varying concentrations (up to 3 wt%). These membranes were produced through phase inversion and subsequently characterized using techniques such as SEM, FTIR, contact angle measurements, porosity assessments, and flux tests. The antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that the type and concentration of nanofiller substantially improved antibiofouling characteristics, surface hydrophilicity, and overall membrane efficacy. Sterilization rates varied from 28.8% to 99.98% depending on the type and concentration of nanofillers, contributing to consistent water flux, reduced biofilm development, and enhanced membrane durability.

This research directly supports water sustainability objectives by lowering cleaning frequency, chemical use, and energy consumption, thus presenting a promising solution for long-term, eco-efficient water purification. This approach aligns with global initiatives aimed at developing greener environmental technologies and building resilient water infrastructure, offering a viable pathway for enhancing water treatment systems in resource-constrained and environmentally sensitive areas.