​Diabetes is a major non-communicable disease (NCD) with significant global health implications. Beyond its direct effects, diabetes is often accompanied by a range of comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), kidney diseases, nerve damage, and certain types of cancer, which increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. The global burden of diabetes is significant and continues to rise. Currently, diabetes affects over 537 million adults worldwide, a number projected to increase to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), diabetes increased from approximately 6% in 1980 to nearly 13.7% in 2014, with the mortality rate reaching 3.3%. In 2019, the total number of deaths due to diabetes was estimated at 186,841 in the EMR. In fact, diabetes in the EMR is still a major public health concern, affecting 55 million adults aged between 20 and 79 years. Moreover, around 150,000 children and adolescents under the age of 20 years in the EMR are living with type I diabetes, with approximately 20,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Many countries in the region are not on track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 3.4, which aims to reduce premature mortality from NCDs, such as CVDs, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer, by a third by the year 2030 as compared to the year 2015. Several factors may influence diabetes, including diet, body weight, physical activity and lifestyle behaviors. While prediabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis, if left untreated, it eventually progresses to type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is a non-autoimmune, progressive condition characterized by the loss of adequate insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells. Type I diabetes is characterized by a lack of endogenous insulin and eventually complete insulin deficiency due to autoimmune damage to the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic Langerhans islets. GDM is currently defined as diabetes diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Proper management of the different types of diabetes involves adequate screening, nutritional assessment, nutritional diagnosis, nutritional intervention and consequently monitoring and evaluation, which are discussed in depth throughout this document. This document is intended to serve as a resource for policy makers, physicians, healthcare practitioners, parents, family members and caregivers. It also emphasizes the need to have a comprehensive referral system and multidisciplinary care teams to better enhance the management of diabetes in the EMR.​