Analytical Balance: Provides accurate weighing of reagents and nanomaterials.

Centrifuge: Separates particles and biomolecules based on density.

Sonicator / Ultrasonic Bath: Ensures uniform dispersion of nanoparticles.

Magnetic Stirrer with Hotplate: Enables uniform mixing and controlled heating of solutions.

pH Meter: Monitors and adjusts the pH of buffers and reaction mixtures.

 Electrochemical Workstation: Measures electrochemical signals (current and voltage) from nanosensors.

Containment Systems (Biosafety Cabinet and Fumehood): Provide safe and sterile conditions for handling biological or chemical samples.

Nanosensor Platform: Serves as the core detection surface (e.g., gold electrode) for biosensing applications.

Real-time Optical Detection Systems: Allow optical monitoring of sensor responses and biomolecular interactions.

Microfluidics Equipment: Facilitates precise control and manipulation of small fluid volumes for sensor testing and sample delivery.