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Assessment And Mapping of Flash Flood Hazard And Risk at Wadi Yutum Basin in Jordan: Integrating Hydrological and Hydraulic Modeling Techniques

​Natural hazards and disasters threaten human life, damage properties and affect human-populated environments. Flood hazard assessment procedure was carried out using hazard criteria concepts through GIS, hydrological and hydraulic modeling coupling techniques utilizing HEC-HMS for the hydrological modeling and HEC-RAS for the hydraulic modeling. The objective of this study is to use geo-based hydrologic and hydraulic models to develop flood hazard maps of wadi Yutum floodplain areas in southern Jordan, focusing on the Amman- Aqaba Desert Highway along wadi Yutum for different design storm return periods. A GIS-based model to estimate the flood flow at the gauging stations of Wadi Yutum basin, which is the basin that drains into the city of Aqaba, was developed. Most of the developments in Aqaba are located on alluvial wadi fans, which are, unavoidably, subject to the risk of flooding. Initially, Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves were generated to assess the rainfall-runoff situation in the basin. Based on the analysis and modeling, flood hazard maps for 25, 50, and 100-years return periods were generated with peak flows of 1523 m3/s, 1813 m3/s, and 2111 m3​/s, respectively. These flood hazard maps aim to identify hazard locations within the flood plains of the target area. A risk map that categorizes three risk classes (high, medium and low) was generated by coupling the flood hazard map with a socio-economic map. High and medium risk zones identify hazard risk to the current facilities, road and trail users. The most affected element is the Amman- Aqaba Desert highway; the main entrance to Aqaba city, with an average daily traffic volume of 20,182 vehicles. Given that the vehicle occupancy rate on the highway is 1.6 person per vehicle, more than 32,000 persons could be affected on a given day depending on the time and the severity of the storm. Flood hazard, vulnerability, and risk mapping are essential tools for informed decision-making, helping to minimize the impacts of flooding and enhance the resilience of communities in the face of this natural hazard.