​Rice-wheat system (RWS) is an important rotation in many countries of the world. This cropping system ensures food security of the burgeoning population in developing countries and particularly in Asia and Africa. The major area under this cropping system is located in South Asia. Nowadays, the productivity of this cropping system is stagnant. There are many reasons for this yield stagnation, but climate change is one of the major reasons. Due to climate change, food security in developing countries is at risk. The scientists are quantifying climate change influence on system phenology and productivity of this system. Furthermore, many regional and global efforts with the involvement of stakeholders are underway to suggest climate change adaptation strategies for rice-wheat cropping system and ensure food security at regional and global levels.​